The Definition of Labor Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Definition of Labor Law - Research Paper Example This will provide a general summary of what the readers should expect in the whole discussion; it will also allow the reader to have a picture of the research outline. This will provide a general summary of what the readers should expect in the whole discussion; it will also allow the reader to have a picture of the research outline. This section will basically provide a definition of terms such; definition of labor laws and specific areas of application in the labor dimension. It will also provide a general understanding of the importance of labor laws in various facets of employment. The purpose of this section is to provide brief information concerning the development of labor laws and what propagated the formulation of such laws. Additionally, the reader will also be able to know how labor laws apply to different countries in the contemporary society through this section. This will form the main focus of the research; it will provide a comprehensive discussion on the similarities between the labor laws in the United States of America and those within the Saudi Arabian State. A variety of examples of the labor laws in both the countries will be provided to enhance the readers understanding of the similarities. Additionally, it will provide in-text citations for each paragraph that explicates main ideas.b) The research conclusions will provide a summary of the discussion in relation to the writer’s perspective on various aspects of the discussion.

Unifying Effect Essay Example for Free

Unifying Effect Essay Before the advent of the nineteenth century, Argentina, like the rest of the Latin American region, had been under the rule of Spain. As such, its people had no clear cultural identification that would clearly pronounce their difference from their long-term colonizers (Chasteen and Wood 106). As a result of the colonization, many Europeans made permanent settlements in different areas in Buenos Aires and the rest of the country. One of the countrys most well known foreign-dominated communities is a settlement near the Riachuelo River, known as La Boca, of predominantly Italian residents1. When Argentina gained independence in 1816, social conflicts arising from racial and cultural differences were aplenty. La Bocas neighborhood exhibited this kind of struggle. Conflict in the community existed between the middle-class Italians and the underclass mestizo tenants of houses owned by the immigrants2. The Europeans were protective of their cultural identity and viewed the influx of a large underclass a threat to their heritage. When football became a popular culture in the country in the early twentieth century, the community gave rise to one of its own, the Club Atletico Boca Juniors3. This paper will explore how Club Atletico Boca Juniors succeeded in promoting unity and cultural identity within a divided community during Argentinas search for a unifying, national identity that would eliminate social conflicts before the 1930s economic depression. 1. Emanuela Guano, A Stroll Through la Boca: The Politics and Poetics of Spatial Experience in a Buenos Aires. Space Culture Vol. 6 2003): 356. 2. Ibid. 357 3. Vic Duke and Liz Crolley, Futbol, Politicians and the People: Populism and Politics in Argentina. International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 18 (2001): 97 2 La Boca and the Class Struggle Within La Boca, one of the barrios or neighborhood in Buenos Aires, the capital city of Argentina, is celebrated for its strong Italian heritage particularly the immigrants passion for arts, work ethics, and family traditions and values4. When you hear of these characteristics describing Italians, what comes to mind is a romanticized vision of a quaint neighborhood with smiling people and the smell of food permeating the air. One wouldnt imagine an ugly part of the picture. Indeed, when you walk through La Boca, you will see structures three story high and tall sidewalks made to protect the houses from the Riachuelo River floods. The smell of pastry and bread interspersed with the smell of sewage from the river5. What a newcomer wouldnt know is how the middle-class Italian-Argentine resented the presence of a large group of mestizos in the area, who were poor and often from the rural areas and other countries, seeking better fortune in Buenos Aires, which was then a city with booming trade6. For the large part, the immigrants distrusted these newcomers, owing to their darker coloring and uncultured ways. The immigrants believed that they pose a threat to La Bocas Italian identity. Often, the migrants were the subjects of unrelenting discrimination. The boquenses, as these middle-class Italians were called, created ways to define their heritage to draw the line among those who belong and those who do not. One example of which is the boquenses characterization of the Italian-Argentine residents as the hardworking, honest lot, while the newcomers were delegated as being the lawless mestizos (Guano 362). ______________ 4. Emanuela Guano, A Stroll Through la Boca: The Politics and Poetics of Spatial Experience in a Buenos Aires. Space Culture Vol. 6 (2003): 356. 5. Ibid. 360. 6. J. A. Mangan, The Early Evolution of Modern Sport in Latin America: A Mainly English Middle-Class Inspiration? International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 18 (2001): 21. 3 In the later years, the children of these immigrants strove for assimilation in the society. Instead of just being immigrants, they wanted to become full Argentines. Although the electoral process was modified to grant them Argentine status, they were still basically outsiders7. This is one of the struggles that the communitys soccer club was able to overcome. The Advent of Soccer and the Search for a National Identity in Argentina To understand better the social conflict in La Boca, it is important to understand how this kind of class division existed in Buenos Aires and all throughout Argentina; and how the nation as a whole found a common anchor not through any political means, but by what started to be a European form of entertainment. The nineteenth century Latin America was a region of class conflict, diplomatic turmoil, capitalist exploitation, social inequality and political paranoia (Mangan 35). Great Britain was the primary force in Latin America, taking the place of Spain and Portugal but in a different manner. The Britons were no colonizers to these races. Instead, it forged a strong economic relationship with the region. Argentina at that time had a booming enterprise comparable to those of Australia, Canada and the United States (Mangan 12). As a result of Britain and Argentinas economic ties, some Englishmen settled in the country. To keep their ties to their motherland, the English started playing their own sports with no other major purpose than for their own enjoyment. Generally, the Britons kept to themselves. It was only during sports activities that they were in close cultural and social contact ______________ 7. Matthew B. Karush, National Identity in the Sports Pages: Football and the Mass Media in 1920s. Academy of American Franciscan History Vol. 60 (2003): 12. 4 with the Argentines. The establishment of English sports in Argentina, in the long run, had significant cultural outcome (Mangan 13). Argentine soccer had its beginnings in 1867 when the Buenos Aires Football Club was established by Thomas and James Hogg whose father was from Yorkshire, England. The association had its first game in June 20 of the same year, with all the players being British. The Argentine Football Club was founded in 1893, with Alexander Watson Hutton being its first president, later dubbed as the Father of Argentine Soccer (Mangan 26). Boca Junior was formed in 1905 and has held up until the present its base in the Italian barrio of La Boca alongside the port in Buenos Aires (Duke and Crolley 97). Of all the sports that were introduced in Argentina, it was football that captured the heart of the masses. It gave them the chance to forget their troubles and create opportunities for pleasure and illusion8. In the early years of the sport, there two kinds of associations. One was the all-English clubs that value sportsmanship and fair play, while the other was comprised of local players who played to win. While the English clubs practiced in schools, the other teams practiced in the streets and on wide stretches of vacant lands. This disparity in their learning is perhaps what created the difference in how they play9. During the 1920s, a new distinctive, urban culture in Buenos Aires emerged. Football and tango transformed into the highest representations of being Argentinidad (Karush 11). Football was seen by the government as the unifying force to create homogeneity among the Argentine masses and the foreign-born working class who, despite their assimilation in the ______________ 8. J. A. Mangan, The Early Evolution of Modern Sport in Latin America: A Mainly English Middle-Class Inspiration? International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 18 (2001): 35. 9. Vic Duke and Liz Crolley, Futbol, Politicians and the People: Populism and Politics in Argentina. International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 18 (2001): 97 5 society, often found themselves not fully belonging. Though football started as a popular culture, it later turned into a stepping-stone for the process of hegemonic nation building10. How Boca Juniors Affected La Boca The national identity images advocated by the new mass culture in the 1920s did not necessarily made Argentina’s population with differing interests turn into a harmonious community11. But at least in La Boca, the Italian immigrants found something in common with the migrant mestizos. Where once there were distinct boundaries established between the classes, that division did not manifest in the sports club. For once, the Boca Juniors association represented the community as a whole. The sport, being of English origin, made Italians and non-Italians both outsiders, thus fostering a common bond between them. More importantly, the club provided the younger immigrants a chance to fully assimilate in the Argentine society, without being differentiated. Boca Juniors was not about the diversity in the community, but rather about the community as a whole. Boca Junior became the center of sporting, political and social aspects of the barrio where it was based. It came to represent the community and helped the children of the immigrant population get integrated into mainstream Argentine society (Duke and Crolley 97). The club after rejecting any other name, chose Boca to express the strong affinity they have with their neighborhood. Boca, literally means, mouth of the river. Juniors, on the other hand, showed that 10. Matthew B. Karush, National Identity in the Sports Pages: Football and the Mass Media in 1920s. Academy of American Franciscan History Vol. 60 (2003): 12. 11. Ibid. 32 6 they consider themselves children of the barrio. In short, the Boca Juniors stand for Children of the La Boca neighborhood, dispelling any cultural classification between the middle class Italian immigrants and the lower class rural folks. But not only was Boca Junior a unifying force for its local community, it also established Argentinas reputation in the world sporting community. The turning point in the countrys recognition as a football great came in the 1928 Olympics in Amsterdam when Boca Juniors won a silver12. Before that, Boca Juniors in 1925 made the famous tour of Europe that served as a foundation of Argentinas reputation in the football field. The team had a goal to show that they could play without too much violent contact, and at the same time win. Boca Juniors showed and astonished Europeans with their elegant and fluid movements, total control of the ball, masterful dribbling and the acrobatic, spectacular and artistic movements13. The Argentine football players proved that despite having a reputation of playing to win, it was possible to play and win the game using less physical strength and continuity (Karush 6). 2. Archetti, Eduardo P. In search of national identity: Argentinian football and Europe. International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 12 (1995): 205 13. Ibid. Works Cited Archetti, Eduardo P. In search of national identity: Argentinian football and Europe. International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 12(1995): 2, 201 219. 9 November 2007 http://dx. doi. org/10. 1080/09523369508713903 Chasteen, James A. and Wood, John Charles. Problems in Modern Latin American History: Sources and Interpretations, Completely Revised and Updated. Latin American Silhouettes (2004): 106-110. Duke, Vic and Crolley, Liz. Futbol, Politicians and the People: Populism and Politics in Argentina. International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 18 (2001): 3, 93 116. 9 November 2007 http://dx. doi. org/10. 1080/714001587 Guano, Emanuela. A Stroll Through la Boca: The Politics and Poetics of Spatial Experience in a Buenos Aires. Space and Culture Vol. 6 (2003): 356-376. 9 November 2007 http://sac. sagepub. com/cgi/content/abstract/6/4/356 Mangan, J. A. The Early Evolution of Modern Sport in Latin America: A Mainly English Middle-Class Inspiration? International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 18 (2001): 3, 9 42. Rodriguez, Maria Graciela. The Place of Women in Argentinian Football. International Journal of the History of Sport Vol. 22 (2005): 2, 231 245. 9 November 2007 http://dx. doi. org/10. 1080/09523360500035867

Should Reality TV Shows be Banned?

Should Reality TV Shows be Banned? Reality TV is a programming sort that introduces unscripted or Silly circumstances, reports really occasions and generally offers conventional individuals rather than true performing artists. Normally includes adoration, roughness, and cash. Cases of these sorts of shows are, Bachelor, Real World, Idols, and so many others. As I would like to think I accept such reality shows that advance anorexia, celebrating, desire for cash, brutality, ought to be banned for Television. The reality shows that dont advance that ought to stay on TV, since they are not mischief to anybody. I believe that, reality shows these days fundamentally endeavor to persuade the crowd that the members of the show are continuously pushed to their physical, passionate or physiological points of confinement to finish their assignment. Most reality shows dont generally come clean or either speaks to reality and they have overlooked the fundamental idea of reality show and are concentrating all the more on the part of stimulation. I know all reality show will never be banned yet the greater part of them ought to, for example, Dating naked, sixteen pregnant and those specifically dont give any great illustration to the group of onlookers like beauty challenges, and so on. Shows that send a horrendous message like beauty challenges ought to be banned in light of the fact that it makes a perfect of female beauty that a minority of females can make. It places burden on ladies that need to get up to speed to these wonderful ladies on TV. More the less, these challenges urge models and candidates to look significantly slimmer than they as of now are, advancing anorexia and bulimia. Ladies are more judged by their physical appearance as opposed to some other qualities they may have (terrible ladies just arent going to win). Doesnt make a difference what number of Asian ladies win Miss World, they can just do so on the off chance that they take an interest in the bathing suit rivalry, and that basically is the entire purpose of beauty challenges, which may be viewed as unseemly in different societies. There have been a few challenges and showings and in addition viciousness in light of societies needing to experience the beauty rivalries. Murray and Laurie highlight that reality shows have lost their path from unique arrangement like survivor to the new unremarkable arrangement of two famous people living in a homestead yard for a week. Reality TV has joined the positions of day time stimulation and has lost the flash of spontaneous inventiveness from different types of scripted diversion. Furthermore, the most popular reality shows worldwide are big brother as well as Idols; these two are cases of scripted and overall practiced reality shows. In the recently finished up scene of icons a judge was set out to sing out of nowhere and it so happened just by happenstance that the band began playing a tune which the judge joined in earnestly without a second thought. The swarm cheered and acclaimed for the startling execution by the judge. Such reality Television shows give viewers and all the more so youngsters false any desire for a joyfully ever after reality were legends and courageous women live subsequently offending the sagacity of the viewers. On account of big brother viewers are subjected to sex as a manifestation of stimulation. Connections shaped in the big brother house give the member a finer shot of winning the opposition and build his/her evaluations subsequently the gathering of people invests time and cash voting in favor of the member so they can delight in seeing the members relationship develop. Whats more because of the full exposure nature of the show all exercises are telecasted and shown live on our Television sets uncovering and empowering our young people, youthful grown-ups and youngsters to sex, corruption and wanton practices. The arranged scripting and acting that happens in reality Television shows affronts the viewers insights. A decent sample of this is the most prevalent TV show on the planet, the World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). Such shows give the viewers the misunderstandings that what is going on is spontaneous and indiscreet but then they are most certainly not. The physical ill-use that is involved in the WWE wrestling show is unfeasible, absurd and impracticable. No person can with stand such abuse and keep on showing hostility to his rival with full body quality. Dominant part of the group of onlookers realize that such reality shows are scripted and planned yet to the youthful and adolescent on a basic level, the level of conviction and assurance they have in reality shows is perilous to their mental capacity to recognize valid brutality from anecdotal exhibitions. According to another source (Pros and cons of reality TV shows), on the off chance that we have faith in opportunity and free discourse, then we need to acknowledge reality TV as a representation of prominent and law based taste. No one is forced to show up in reality TV projects, or surely to watch them. It is characteristically captivating to perceive how individuals talk and carry on in curious circumstances. This is the reason numerous insightful individuals end up grasped by Big Brother and other reality shows. They show us something about liberated intelligence along these lines widen our experience. Also, some individuals likewise contend that we live during a time of mass society. A larger number of individuals read tabloids than the broadsheets, and reality TV is a reasonable impression of this. Reality TV is safe fun. Just self important individuals and big talkers censure it. Individuals are no more eager to acknowledge just what supporters think is beneficial for them. Th ere is nothing wrong in giving individuals what they need. Murray and Laurie describes such reality shows influence the social collaborations of young people. They energize roughness as a type of excitement and not the abominable, hostile lead that it is. Such Reality shows have advanced roughness in youngsters which has therefore expanded group related gore in America and rough conduct schools. In spite of the fact that most vicious reality shows attempt and caution the crowd against performing their unreasonable physical fetes and bent, gatherings of people cant resist the opportunity to go for what they see on Television furthermore thusly wind up harming themselves as well as other people simultaneously. Conflictingly the banning of reality shows would provide for us false any desire for ensuring our youngsters from the awful part of sex and savagery in light of the fact that it is not just in reality shows that our kids are presented to sex and brutality, innovation has made it workable for our youngsters to get to sexual substance and rough recreations and features by means of the web. Despite the fact that banning reality shows would diminish the measure of sexual substance they would be presented to it would just clear approach to new manifestations of sexual and brutal diversion which would helpfully achieve our youngsters. Reality TV shows are one yet not the most sexually unequivocal types of diversion, so we ought not escape ourselves that banning reality TV would tackle the issue, it will just lessen it for an at some point, until different manifestations of express stimulation tag along. Murray and Laurie also highlight banning reality TV will be violating of worldwide laws . It would be an encroachment of fundamental rights, flexibility of discourse. Each and all human have the right to communicate in a manner they esteem fit thus by banning reality TV show we would repudiate with their popularity based right to pass on their grievances and perspectives. In light of this it would be wrong to boycott the shows since the vast majority of the makers know their rights and tail them to the recent, this will pass on the infringement of these rights and consequently it will be impracticable. The viewers excessively have unquestionably the right to watch these shows and entertain themselves; banning these shows will make a worldwide clamor from the viewers who get joy from these shows, it will likewise be in break of the viewers rights. However, at the end one can easily understand that how the Reality show affects on the people’s life and now they are losing the originality of the show. Nowadays, the Reality show doesn’t have any sense to produce or show any truth in front of camera. There are so many shows which are just expressing some entertainment rather than originality and sincerity as well. We can say that these types of TV shows are now showing lie, vulgarity, fraud and much more, so they should be banned. References: Murray, Susan and Laurie Ouellette. Reality TV: Remaking Television Culture. New York, NYU Press. 2008 Theweek. Pros and cons of reality TV shows. The First Post guide to the issue of the day. 2008

Having A Happy Job :: essays research papers

â€Å"I need a job.† How many times have I heard that one – I’ve heard it a million times. Living in a modern society based on a green piece of paper, I am burdened, and feel it maybe even impossible to survive without one. Without money, I wouldn’t have cars, clothes, livelihood or maybe even my health. Today it is simple, to luxuriate in finer things you need money, and to get money, I need a job.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I hate my job.† How many times have I heard that one? A million and one. It seems nobody today is content with his or her job. So why do it? Because I have to work; hence, I don’t have an option. I feel that most people, like myself, find their place of work rather uncomfortable; however, I still need to keep my job.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For the last two summers, I worked a job, which at first I thought was ideal. I was a PC/LAN Coordinator at Chippenham Hospital. â€Å"How neat,† I thought, â€Å"I love to work with computers, and they are paying me eight dollars an hour!† I even had and office and everything. Starting out there was so intoxicating; I was able to practice my computer networking expertise and it almost seemed like it wasn’t any work at all. Soon things became repetitive, I started getting bored, and I was getting instructed to do more new tasks every day. I felt dissatisfied with the menial tasks I was given, and, although the paycheck was generous, I felt frustrated at the end of each week. I felt my boss was nice to me, but this was just not a job that stimulated my interests. The amount of deskwork was boring, and I enjoy being around people and moving to different locations during the workday.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Soon enough I hated my great job! I made the decision an office was definitely not the vocation for me. It even got to the point where I would feel apprehensive about coming into work every day, because I knew I would be doing the exact same thing in the exact same place. Then I set out a goal in my life: I will not anguish myself with a job with which I am not happy. I believe this objective is important - if I am going to a workplace every day that I hate, then I need to find a way to find another occupation that interests me.

Multistream Leadership at Work in Hawaii

Lei Lei is a small but popular bar and grill in the north shore of Oahu Hawaii. Neubert and Buscher are the owners and managers which are examples of Multistream leaders. In this paper, I will study troubles that Lei Lei’s may face and ways in which they may be able apply leadership skills to perfect the issues that have arisen. For instance Neubert and Buscher have been offered several opportunities to expand their management responsibilities to other restaurants on the north shore of Oahu. Another idea discussed is can the management practices at Lei Lei’s be easily transferred to other existing restaurants or business. Expansion Opportunities Servant leadership is an active approach to leadership that promotes the interests of others. Neubert and Buscher help their employee to â€Å"grow† as persons. Their focus is let the employee learn by their own experience of the orientation the many ways to involve and do more complex tasks. Also Neubert and Buscher maintain a servant leadership approach by working extra hours as cooks or waiters to minimize the burnout of stuff that may have personal issues to manage or particularly heavy workload on any one day. In my opinion this expansion might influence their ability to be servant leaders. This expansion will take a lot of their time in the Lei Lei bar. It will need Neubert and Buscher’s attention and will demand their time. In that case opening anther bar will take their focus from being a role model and helping their employee to grow. More over I think the positive effect on the stakeholders will be less. Now Neubert and Buscher have personal concern to improve the situation for the members of the bar, and when their attention will be to get expansion opportunities it won’t be totally for the members. What make this bar so special and success is the owners approached based on their values and the afforded they put on creating a sense of belonging to each new hires. This can be reached only by the management personal daily involve. For example at my work I can see a lot of difference in my approach to situation when my â€Å"good† manager ask me to do some task ,compare to when my â€Å"bad† manager asks me the same thing. My â€Å"good† manager make me want to do the task by positive influence on me like- more responsibly , while the â€Å"bad† manager make me doing this task by negative influence like – threaten. For conclusion this issue, if the business will expand, Neubert and Buscher must find/hire new managers for the bar which will be able to replace them while they at other locations. Those managers need to keep the spirit of the Multistream leadership. It will be the best if the new managers will grow from inside which they know the best how to keep Neubert and Buscher approach. Management Practice Transfer The idea of the management practices at Lei Lei’s can be easily transferred to other existing restaurants or business is not that bad. It is possible to implant the basic approach (Multistream) which Neubert and Buscher use and improve other business. The first thing Neubert and Buscher doing is â€Å"Enabling† which is sharing or explaining information related to a job and its context. They do it by giving all the new hires the same task at the beginning – to do everything that is needed for the business. This is how the new employee will learn the best about the new job. And also it shows there is no shortcut to nobody. The second thing Neubert and Buscher do is evolving them in the business by creating responsibility such including more complex and important tasks that will fit their specific talents and strengths. This is â€Å"Equipping† which involves creating an environment for continuous learning on the job. Neubert and Buscher keep employees happy and in good care, by treating them with proper respect, pay those wages and offer enough hours, so they not require taking second jobs. This is â€Å"Engaging† which is the process of encouraging affiliation and enhancing the intrinsic meaningfulness of work. At the end all this bring the members to feel belonging and commitment to the bar, make the customers feel welcome and in good environment which lead to success and long term benefits to the business. My conclusion in this matter, that in order to transfer to other existing restaurant it is necessary to use all the mentioned above and if so it will be possible to make a change. The managers must be using the Multistream leadership approach to build the employees trust and appreciation. Lei Lei’s is a business that has great potential for growth and influences other business. The only thing that should be changed is to help the owners to have more time to expand. Any company that focuses their view of the human relations and the wellbeing of their employees will automatically build a good reputation. This will have a positive effect on the success and profits because the employees will work with more enthusiasm and apply themselves more to the job. References Bruno Dyck and Mitchell Neubert ,(2010) Houghton Mifflan/Cengage, Management: Current Practices and New Directions

Langston Hughes Essays (274 words) - Jazz Poetry, Harlem Renaissance

Langston Hughes Essays (274 words) - Jazz Poetry, Harlem Renaissance ENC1102 July 9, 2015 Langston Hughes Langston Hughes was born during a time where African Americans had no rights of freedom of speech or even a right to vote. Langston Hughes experienced poverty. Hughes used his poetry to speak to the people. His poems were basically written to the African Americans who struggled, and had dreams of being considered equal as whites. And not based on their skin color. Hughes mother and father soon divorced when he was just one year old. Hughes was sent to live with his grandmother as his mother went city-to-city trying to find a job that would accept her even though she was black. And his father moved to Mexico for the same reason. Langston Hughes never really had support from his father because his son wanted to write about the blacks experience during the time of his life where they were considered slaves. From Hughes biography I can understand why he wrote the poem I. Too he was trying to show a perspective of an African American man, either a slave or a servant. Hughes describes in the poem an experience for many African American during this time. Hughes uses the phrase I am the darker brother in line 2 to call our attention to the common practice of racial segregation during the early 20th century, when blacks were forced to eat, sleep, live and travel separately from the whites. Hughes then claims that Tomorrow he will join the whites at the table and no one will dare to send him back to the kitchen. Hughes is trying to claim freedom as African American citizens.

The Best AP US History Review Guide

The Best AP US History Review Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It's hard to know where to start with your AP US History review. It's one of the tougher APs based on the thinking skills it requires and the amount of content it covers. You can't just read over your notes and expect to get a high score. In this guide, I'll give you a basic outline of what's on the exam, provide study tips, and lay out a step-by-step prep plan that you can customize to your needs. What’s the Format of the AP US History Exam? First off, you should know the basics of what you're dealing with on this test. The total length of the exam is threehours and 15 minutes, so it’s on the longer side compared to other AP tests. Here's a layout of the timing and significance of each section: Section 1 - Multiple Choice (Also Includes Short Answer) 55 multiple-choice questions 55 minutes 40 percent of your score Four short-answer questions 50 minutes 20 percent of your score One hour 45 minutes total Section 2 - Free Response One document-based question 55 minutes 25 percent of your score One long essay question 35 minutes 15 percent of your score One hour 30 minutes total What Do Questions Look Like on the AP US History Exam? In this section, I'll give a brief overview of each type of question you can expect see on the exam. It's important to understand the different formats and point distributions before diving into your review of the course content. This way, you can tailor your review to the actual requirements of the test! Multiple Choice Multiple choice questions always ask you to apply your knowledge of US History in the context of a historical document.These documents might include images or pieces of writing, and several questions are asked about each one. Here’s an example: The passage mentions that Whitefield came over to the British colonies from Ireland and became an immensely popular itinerant preacher.This suggests that religious culture was shaped by choice C, â€Å"trans-Atlantic exchanges.†Although some of the other choices aren’t completely invalid if you just looked at the question without the excerpt, the evidence provided therein leads us directly to choice C.This question shows howimportant it is toread very carefully on the test! Short Answer There are also four short-answer questions on the first part of the test.These are multi-part questions that can be answered in just a few sentences.They usually rely on written excerpts or other types of historical documents, just like multiple-choice questions.Here’s an example: Part (a): In this part, you got one point for understanding the two viewpoints well enough to identify a major difference between them.You might answer with the following statement: Adams felt that the revolutionary spirit that led to fighting was the real revolution; as resistance to British regulation grew, a revolutionary American identity emerged.Rush, on the other hand, felt that the real revolution consisted of experimentation with new political systems after the fighting. Essentially, Adams thought of the American Revolution as more of a prewar ideological revolution, rather than a postwar political one, and Rush thought the opposite. Part (b): Some examples of historical evidence that would support Adams’ interpretation are: End of â€Å"salutary neglect† and growing separate American identity The Stamp Act, the Stamp Act Congress, and public demonstrations (Sons of Liberty) Movement to boycott British goods Boston Tea Party and Intolerable Acts Common Sense by Thomas Paine List of grievances from the Declaration of Independence Part (c): Examples of historical evidence supporting Rush’s viewpoint include: Statement of â€Å"principles, morals† being basis of government in Declaration of Independence Articles of Confederation Issues of slavery still unresolved (Northwest Ordinance) Constitutional Convention and US Constitution Bill of Rights Election of 1800 and development of first party system Short-answer questions won’t ask you to do much writing, but they do test your ability to understand what’s going on in the source material and how it ties into your knowledge of US history. Document-Based Question The Document-Based question might be the most intimidating part of this exam.It’s worth 25 percent of your score, and it requires the synthesis of a bunch of information presented in different formats to create a coherent argument.These are the directions you’ll see on the test, along with a sample prompt: In the interest of saving space, I won’t include all the documents here (check out my complete guide to the AP US History exam for a more detailed example).Here’s how the points are doled out: You'll get one point for a coherent thesis that answers all parts of the question. Then, you can earn up to four points for analysis of the documents.To earnall four points you need to give: Plausible analysis of the content of all or all but one of the documents, which is used effectively to support the thesis Analysis of all or all but one of the documents in one or more of the following areas: Intended audience Purpose Historical context Author’s point of view Analysis of outside historical examples to bolster your argument A sixth point is earned for contextualizationor connecting historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader trends in history. The final point is earned for synthesis, which means that your essay ties together the evidence from different documents to support your argument or connects the argument to other periods in history or other contexts in general. This means you can earn a total of seven points on the DBQ, most of them related to analyzing the documents in a way that supports your thesis. Here are some helpful resources for more DBQ examples to use as part of your review! Long Essay Depending on whether you were more confident with recent history or colonial history, you could choose either one of these questions. The test will giveyou two very different options so that you have a meaningful choice to make.Points are awarded as follows for the long essay question: A thesis that addresses all parts of the question gets you one point. Support of the thesis with specific evidence gets you up to two additional points.You’ll get both points if you also establish clearly and consistently how the evidence ties back to your thesis statement. You can earn two more points for a valid assessment of the historical thinking skill targeted in the question.You’ll only get both points if you address both continuity and change in your answer and give specific supporting examples! A final point is awarded for the synthesis of your ideas into a coherent essay.You might connect the topic to other historical periods or contexts, include an additional category of analysis, or extend/modify your thesis to draw a larger conclusion. There is a total of six points possible on the long essay question. What Does the AP US History Exam Cover? AP US History is divided into nine time periods, each of which makes up a designated percentage of the course material and instructional time: These time periods are connected by seven overarching historical themes. I’ll list these themes followed by the learning objectives associated with them.After you learn the who, what, and where of historical events, you should be able to connect them to one (or more likely several) of these broader concepts. AP US History Themes Theme 1: American and National Identity Explain how ideas about democracy, freedom, and individualism found expression in the development of cultural values, political institutions, and American identity. Explain how interpretations of the Constitution and debates over rights, liberties, and definitions of citizenship have affected American values, politics, and society. Analyze how ideas about national identity changed in response to U.S. involvement in international conflicts and the growth of the United States. Analyze relationships among different regional, social, ethnic, and racial groups, and explain how these groups’ experiences have related to U.S. national identity. Theme 2: Politics and Power Explain how and why political ideas, beliefs, institutions, party systems, and alignments have developed and changed. Explain how popular movements, reform efforts, and activist groups have sought to change American society and institutions. Explain how different beliefs about the federal government’s role in U.S. social and economic life have affected political debates and policies. Theme 3: Work, Exchange, and Technology Explain how patterns of exchange, markets, and private enterprise have developed, and analyze ways that governments have responded to economic issues. Analyze how technological innovation has affected economic development and society. Explain how different labor systems developed in North America and explain their effects on workers’ lives and society. Theme 4: Culture and Society Explain how religious groups and ideas have affected American society and political life. Explain how ideas about women’s rights and gender roles have affected society and politics. Explain how different group identities, including racial, ethnic, class, and regional identities, have emerged and changed over time. Explain how artistic, philosophical, and scientific ideas have developed and shaped society and institutions. Theme 5: Migration and Settlement Explain the causes of migration to colonial North America and, later, the United States, and analyze immigration’s effects on U.S. society. Analyze causes of internal migration and patterns of settlement in what would become the United States, and explain how migration has affected American life. Theme 6: Geography and the Environment Explain how geographic and environmental factors shaped the development of various communities. Analyze how conflict over natural resources has affected both group interactions and development of political policy. Theme 7: America in the World Explain how cultural interaction, cooperation, competition, and conflict between empires, nations, and peoples have influenced political, economic, and social developments in North America. Analyze the reasons for, and results of, U.S. diplomatic, economic, and military initiatives in North America and overseas. Americans have fought many other groups of people for control over pieces of this crazy space marble. AP US HistoryReview Tips Before I lay out the template for your study plan, here are a few tips to keep in mind as you go along. If you adopt the right strategies, you'll see your scores improve much more quickly! #1: Connect Facts to Major Themes Studying for history just means committing a bunch of names and dates to memory, right? WRONG! Questions on theAP US History exam (and, if you have a good teacher, most of your smaller tests in class), will ask you to combine general historical knowledge with an understanding of larger trends. The facts and approximate dates are relevant, but only to the extent that they can provide insight into your analysis of historical patterns and themes. If you study the facts in isolation, you’ll be lost on the test, especially when you get to the free-response questions.As you prepare for the exam, take note of the major themes, and think about how you might weave them into a discussion of the era as a whole. #2: Practice Analyzing Historical Writings and Documents Almost every question on the AP US History exam will ask you to read a historical document or analyze a politically-charged image. It’s important that you’re able to interpret these sources quickly and accurately.Look in your textbook or online for examples of historical writings, and practice analyzing the authors' claims. Which of the themes of the course are relevant? What else was happening at the time that may have influenced the writing or illustration? Is the individual addressing a certain audience, and is his or her point of view biased?These types of questions will prepare you for the way you’re asked to think about historical documents on the final exam. #3: Write Essay Outlines You should be a pro at writing essay outlines before you take the test.If you can write a strong outline that uses evidence correctly and relates the supporting points back to the thesis, that’s more than half the battle.The College Board has a bunch of old free-response questions available online that students can use for review purposes.Practice writing a thesis-driven outline in five to ten minutes for each essay question.If you have time, you should also practice writing out the final draft while staying within the time constraints of the real AP test. I suspect that this person doesn't actually have a plan. How to Studyfor AP US History In this section, I'll lay out the standard structure of an effective AP US History reviewplan. The most important takeaway from this plan is that you need to understand all of your mistakes on practice tests so that you can avoid these same issues on the real exam. Step 1: Take a Full Practice Test (3.5 Hours) The first step in the study process is to take a full practice test for AP US History so you can see how well you perform before doing any preparation. Make sure you adhere to the time constraints of the real exam so that you can figure out whether you need to work on your pacing (especially in the free-response section). Circle any questions where you aren't 100 percent sure of the answer so that you can revisit them even if you happen to guess correctly. Step 2: Score the Test, and Set an Ultimate Goal (1 Hour) After you finish the practice test, calculate your score to see how much you need to improve before the AP test.This can be a little tough for US History because the scoring for free-response questions is less clear-cut. However, you should be able to pin down a solid estimate of how many points you would earn on each free-response questionby referring to the grading rubrics. You can use this online calculator to find your AP score after you tally up all the raw points you've earned. Remember, points are NOT subtracted for incorrect multiple-choice answers! Once you figure out where you currently fall in the AP score range, you can work on creating a study plan based on how much you hope to improve.Set realistic goals for yourself considering how much time you have before the test and how many hours of studying you can fit into your schedule. I think everyone who takes an AP class is capable of getting a 5 with enough studying, but if you're in the 2 range, and you only have a couple of weeks before the test, a reasonable goal could be to earn a passing score (3+). If you have a couple of months, you might aim higher. If you start off in the 4 range, you should be able to boost your score up to a 5 within a month or less. Of course, that all depends on how many hours of studying you can afford to put into this one test. Ideally, each time you go through the steps of this study process, your score will improve by anywhere from a half to a whole AP point. If you’re already on the lower end of the 5 range, you may only need to go through the rest of this study process once to get yourself totally up to speed. If, on the other hand, you’re in the 3 range and aiming for a 5, you should plan to repeat these steps multiple times to reach your goals. Step 3: Analyze Your Mistakes (1 Hour) What information did you forget? Which eras/aspects of US History confused you the most on the test?Figure out which topics were most challenging for you by cataloging your mistakes and making a list of all the areas where you struggled. Once you have this list of problem areas, you can execute a more focused, efficient review of the concepts that need the most work. Don’t ignore the free-response section during this process. If you had trouble formulating a coherent argument related to a particular theme, you should use some of your prep time to work on gaining a deeper understanding of that concept. Step 4: Fix Gaps in Content Knowledge (2 Hours) When you finish analyzing your mistakes, you can go into your notes or review book and revisit any content that was an issue for you on the practice test.It’s important to solidify your background knowledge before practicing analysis skills so that you have a strong basis for your arguments and opinions. This stage is also where a review book might come in handy. All the content is organized much more clearly than it might be in your worn-out notebook. Check out this list of the best review books for AP US Historyif you're looking for more advice on which one to get. Step 5: Practice Relevant Questions (2 Hours) After gaining the necessary background knowledge, you can start answering some questions to prepare for your next full practice test. This step should alert you to any skill areas that you still need to practice or content that you didn’t fully memorize in your first content review. Try to find questions that require some analysis in addition to factual recall so you can test both your background knowledge and your mastery of higher-level thought processes. In my AP US History study guide, I include a list of online resources that you can use for practice questions.These will be helpful for this stage of the process because you’re addressing specific time periods or themes that gave you trouble on the first test.Most online resources have mini quizzes that pertain to different units in the course, so you can pick and choose which types of questions to practice.This is also when you can practice writing the essay outlines I mentioned in the tips section. Step 6: Take and Score a Second Practice Test (3.5 Hours) Finally, once you’re satisfied that you have a better understanding of everything you missed on the first test, take another practice test to see how far you’ve come. If you see significant improvement, you might be able to stop here. Of course, that depends on what your goals were and what your score was like on the first practice test.You can always repeat these steps to improve even more! If your scores haven’t improved, look back at how you conducted the processand make sure that you weren’t "studying" by skimming over information without really understanding or absorbing it.You should also only study in an environment where you can focus without interruptions or distractions. Sometimes this means abandoning group study sessions for independent work! Declare your independence, and illuminate....the past! Conclusion Although AP US History is a notoriously challenging class, reviewing the material before the big test doesn't have to be traumatic. Most questions will ask you to analyze documents and record your insights. It's less about knowing every single little thing that's happened in this country's history and more about understanding the seven themes of the course and how they're intertwined with the progression of events. These are the tips you should keep in mind as you study: Tip #1: Connect Facts to Major Themes Tip #2: Practice Analyzing Historical Documents Tip #3: Write Essay Outlines Your study plan should (roughly) follow these steps: Step 1: Take a Full Timed Practice Test Step 2: Score the Practice Test and Set a Goal Step 3: Analyze Your Mistakes Step 4: Fix Gaps in Content Knowledge Step 5: Practice Relevant Questions Step 6: Take and Score a Second Practice Test You can repeat the steps as many times as necessary to achieve your score goal. Use practice tests to keep checking in with yourself as you review to ensure thatyou're making steady improvements! What’s Next? Are you considering taking the SAT Subject Test for US History? Find out more about what's on that test and how it differs from the AP exam. Still trying to plan out the rest of your schedule? This article will help you decide which AP classes to take based on your goals. What will you get out of a high AP score? Take a look at this guide to learn how AP credit works in college. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The Doors essays

The Doors essays James Douglas Morrison was born on December 8, 1943 in Melbourne, Florida. His father, George Stephen Morrison, was in the U.S. Navy and had just returned from duties in the Pacific. After Jim was born, his father left to go back to war. For the next three years, Jim spent his life with his mother, Clara, living with Steve Morrisons parents in Clearwater on the Gulf of Mexico (Sugarman 10). In 1946, a year after the war ended, Steve returned and was posted to Washington, D.C. for six months. Clara accompanied him along with Jim. From Washington, he was posted to Albuquerque in New Mexico. While in Albuquerque, Clara gave birth to another child, Anna, giving Jim a sister (History home.cai.net). While traveling by car with his parents on a road from Santa Fe to Albuquerque, Jim witnessed an event in which he would describe as the most important moment in my life. They came upon an accident involving a truckload of Indians. Many were hurt badly (Sugarman 11). Jim always claimed that the spirit of an ancient Indian medicine man possessed him. Jim never forgot the tragedy. The accident haunted him for a long time after the event, although his father finally told him that it had never happened, that it had been a dream (Sugarman 11). Later, the family moved to California. Jim enrolled at George Washington High School. Jims grades were very high, much to the surprise of his teachers. His behavior was bad, and his parents were continually fighting with him. Jim began to keep a journal and developed an interest for poetry (Jim Morrison. World Book Encyclopedia). Jim eventually graduated and went on to the college at Florida State University. He began to drink and refused to shave or cut his hair. He began to live his life exactly how he wanted to. He got to be too wild and was kicked out of his dorm, so he transferred to UCLA (Sugarman 12). Raymond Daniel Ma...

Organizations and Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizations and Behavior - Essay Example Organization theory is not quite prepared to confront this. Nevertheless, organizational knowledge, or the knowledge produced by managerial and organizational activities and events, is generated by the accumulation of distinct experiences of members in a particular organization and its environment. This organizational knowledge then made the possibilities for effective organizational structure, corporate culture, and management and leadership strategies (ibid). Therefore, in this paper, two different organizations, namely General Electric and Ford Motor will be compared and contrast using the various organizational theory. An in-depth look at these two organizations’ structure, corporate culture, and management and leadership approaches will also be included. Nonstop changes have become a normal occurrence for companies and their employees in the contemporary period’s cutthroat, competitive business world. During the recent years, several companies have endeavour into remarkable adjustments such as removing strata of management, streamlining techniques, motivating employees and laying off others, creating self-empowered work teams, and others. In periods as such, companies clearly need competent leadership strategies, yet particularly so at the highest level of the organization. Even though numerous of business adjustments happening nowadays might appear to most employees, a beaming model of the common idea of consistently changing an organization for improvement is the General Electric Corporation (GE), which experienced an extensive restructuring process commencing in the opening of the 1980s under the administration of their Chief Executive Officer (CEO), John F. Welch (Strohmeier, 1998). The most important leadership codes dev eloped by Welch at the time these changes can provide as a framework for other leaders confronting similar predicaments in their workplaces regardless of

Environmental issues Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Environmental issues - Research Paper Example Can only produce energy for a specified time c. Extra electricity produced cannot be stored d. Extraction and storage of certain elements (hydrogen) are difficult. 4) Conclusion Alternative Energy Sources: A Panacea to Oil Dependence The world economy, to meet the energy requirements and needs, has to utilize fuel whether renewable or non-renewable. The future of the economy of this world depends on alternative renewable energy sources. Since, non-renewable resources are depleting quickly, renewable resources could be an answer to ending human dependence on oil but it could have both positive and negative impacts on a sustainable world. Using renewable energy sources will provide an alternative to oil and fossil fuels alike, thus ending the dependency on them. This in turn will lead to a decrease in the ecological problems especially those of global warming that are largely caused by the use of oil and fossil fuels as a source of energy. If the dependency of energy is not shifted fro m oil and other fossil fuels to alternative energy resources, the world may have to face serious disadvantages including economic and environmental (Heinberg, 2003). Another reason how alternative energy sources can help as a more dependable source of energy is that fossil fuel and oil resources are scarce and running out, therefore finding alternative means is important to ensure a constant supply of energy for our future generations as well (Heinberg, 2003). ... Therefore in order to keep this world from facing such devastating crises, there is a vital need that the oil dependency is reduced and alternative means are explored (Rau, 2010). There is a grave need for reducing the levels of pollution in the environment. A shift from reliance and dependence on the non-renewable energy sources will create opportunities such as the utilization of waste and junk, as junk can be used as a source of fuel. Not only will this way the pollution caused by the use of fossil fuels and oil be reduced, but this approach will also lead to the alternative methods of providing sources of energy to meet the global energy requirements, such as the use of energy for internal heating systems for homes, etc. (Rau, 2010). The use of alternative energy sources will also help the growing energy needs of the developing countries. As the developing world advances, there will be an increase in the energy needs. These developing needs can be met by the production and consum ption of energy that is produced domestically. This way the development of the developing countries will be supported, more and more industries and businesses will have their energy needs met and the fulfillment of energy needs will make for availability of greater businesses and job availability needs (McNamee, 2008). The utilization of renewable energy sources will rid nations from dependence on other nations for oil as a source of energy. Renewable energy sources can be produced domestically anywhere. This will make it easier for every nation to be independent and take care of their energy needs without any sort of reliance on other nations. Not only will it make for a  better and

Public speaking class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public speaking class - Essay Example The event was organized by a group of young people who had invited a group of professional speakers to come and talk to the young people on various career options. Martin is a senior manager at a law firm and was quite proud of informing us about his position at the start of his speech. He started his speech by joking that the secret to speaking to a multitude of eager minds like his employees is, not letting them know that he is afraid of them. From his introduction, you could tell that this was going to be an interesting speech as most people decided to pocket their phones and pay attention to this new and vibrant speaker. His introduction entailed him giving a brief overview of his success in his career. From his introduction, it was important to note that a key tactic in successful public speaking is to begin on a light note and capture the audience’s attention. He then sank into the content of his speech. He carefully outlined to us how he and decided to pursue his career in n law despite opposition from his parents. Martin informed us that they key to a successful career is having passion from an early stage of development. IT was quite interesting the way he spoke with confidence and expertise in about his career. He was quite eloquent and comprehensible so the audience did not have to struggle to hear him well. This I noted is another tip to quality public speaking, being eloquent and comprehensible. Martin had structured his speech and ordered its delivery using a specific sequence. He started off by introducing us to his career, giving some background information and showing us his progress over the years to his current position in his firm. The speech was ordered in a way that it was easy to follow through in case someone lost attention for a while. This he said was another skill in public speaking. Ensuring that the content you are delivering is well

Fieldwork observation report - Math summary Essay

Fieldwork observation report - Math summary - Essay Example The teacher informed the students of the main aim of the lesson before giving explanations of the content. The teacher would explain the learning outcome before introducing the new concept in the lesson. In order to maintain the smooth flow of the content, the teacher reminded the students of what they learnt in their previous lessons (Hewitt, 2013). The student would participate actively by giving answers to the questions as ks and the teacher would accept the correct answer through applauding the. After the interactive session of the previous lesson the teacher then engaged the students to learn the new ideas in the lesson. The central focus of the lesson was on the two digit multiplication. The students were given the examples from the word equations and were expected to solve the two sums each at the individual level before they proceeded to the next session of group discussion. The two digit multiplication required previous skills on solving the place value units together with single multiplication. The place value of numbers for tens and ones were necessary for the students because they formed the foundation of the next lesson which based on the two digits multiplications. The knowledge of the previous lesson guided the teacher into the main objective of the lesson which was to use word equation to do multiplication of two digit multiplication. The teacher explained two examples using the word equations to solve two digit multiplications. The students at individual levels were given two sums to solve after which the teacher marked their exercise books. The students were given their feedback which they later shared amongst themselves. The teacher explained the vocabularies used such the double digit number to mean that a number that has two digits and the meaning of the place values of tens once and multiplication by. The students got familiar with the terms and were able to use them in the group discussions

Excessive lose weight Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Excessive lose weight - Research Paper Example However, the efforts to promote weight loss can have adverse results if not managed properly. The obsession to lose weight can lead to excessive weight loss, which predisposes individual to other health problems and eating disorders. Weight loss, also referred to as slimming in medical terms refers to the process of reducing one’s total body mass. Body mass can be lost through various ways mean loss of body fluids, body fats, muscles, mineral deposits or tendons and other connective tissues in the body. Weight loss can occur either voluntarily or unintentionally. Involuntary weight loss can occur as a result of underlying health problems. Unintentional weight loss may result from depression, chronic infections like HIV/AIDS, anxiety, stress, or diarrhea. Voluntary or intentional weight loss, on the other hand, is a conscious effort of an individual to reduce weight due to perceived or actual obese of overweight state. Excessive weight loss, on the other hand, refers to an extreme reduction in one’s body mass leading to development of other health complications. There are various reasons why individuals lose weight. Intentional weight loss has many social, psychological, and health advantages to people. Different people, however, approach the question of weight loss with varying needs and intentions. The most common reason, however, is for health purposes. Excess weight leads top various overweight and obesity conditions where one’s body mass is beyond generally accepted range for average people. Individuals who are overweight or obese are vulnerable many health complications like heart diseases, cancer, strokes, diabetes, emotional problems like depression, and reducing one’s lifespan (Lipowski 13). It is, therefore, advisable for individuals to avoid gaining extra pound in order live healthy lifestyles and avoid these diseases. Weight loss, if properly managed, is healthy processes that can

A Modern Mythological Tale THE TASKS OF JAMIE Essay

A Modern Mythological Tale THE TASKS OF JAMIE - Essay Example One of Jamie's favorite things to do was to play baseball. He and his friend Dave often practiced hitting and pitching in Jamie's backyard. Jamie would take a turn hitting and then Dave would take a turn. The backyard looked out onto a neighbor's yard. The neighbor was named Mr. MacGregor. He was a reclusive gentleman, about 85 years of age. He rarely came out of his house, but when he did he usually looked quite angry. No one knew anything about MacGregor, no one knew what he did before he became such a recluse. One day Jamie and Dave were playing baseball in the backyard. Dave pitched a ball to Jamie, and Jamie connected with it, cracking it towards MacGregor's house. It was Jamie's favorite ball. It had been signed by Roberto Hernandez, his favorite major league player. Jamie watched as the ball sailed towards MacGregor's house and smashed through the old man's sun-room window. â€Å"Oh no!† thought Jamie. Jamie and Dave discussed the issue between the two of them. Jamie was frightened of MacGregor but he knew he would have to get the ball back somehow. While Dave hid behind a tree, Jamie went to MacGregor's front door and rang the bell. MacGregor opened the door. He was holding the prized ball in his hand. â€Å"What do you want, kid? Are you the one who broke my window?† â€Å"It wasn't me,† said Jamie, â€Å"it was my friend, Dave. All we want is the ball back, sir.†... I'll do anything.† â€Å"OK,† said Mr. MacGregor, â€Å"maybe we can work out an agreement. I have a number of things you can do to help me out. Otherwise, you're going to have to pay for the broken window and I think it will be around $500 at least.† Jamie looked back towards the tree where Dave had been hiding, but he couldn't see him anymore. He gulped. â€Å"Okay,† he said. â€Å"What do you have in mind?† MacGregor invited him into the house and closed the door behind him. He smiled cruelly at Jamie. â€Å"First of all, my cat Tabitha is missing in the basement. I need you to go find her. Be careful—she is very vicious.† Jamie went to the basement and climbed down the stairs. It was dark and gloomy. He could hear some mewing coming from a corner. There was Tabitha. She was an old, orange cat and looked mean. He tried to grab her with one hand, but she clawed at him and scratched his forearm. Jamie shrieked. He found an old blanket and threw it over the cat. He brought the bundle back up the stairs to MacGregor. â€Å"Not bad,† said the old man. â€Å"Now, please have a look at the bathroom in the basement. There is a huge spider there I need you to deal with.† Again Jamie went to the basement and looked around. He found the small bathroom in the corner. Inside the drain of the sink was the biggest insect he'd ever seen. It wasn't a spider; he realized as it seemed to have a dozen different heads and at least 40 legs. It must be some exotic creature from Africa, he thought. He turned on the faucet and the insect was washed away. â€Å"Next,† he thought to himself. He went up the stairs again and went to find Mr. MacGregor. â€Å"OK,† said the old man. â€Å"Next, you have to help me with something else.† He pointed to the

Fieldwork observation report - Math summary Essay

Fieldwork observation report - Math summary - Essay Example The teacher informed the students of the main aim of the lesson before giving explanations of the content. The teacher would explain the learning outcome before introducing the new concept in the lesson. In order to maintain the smooth flow of the content, the teacher reminded the students of what they learnt in their previous lessons (Hewitt, 2013). The student would participate actively by giving answers to the questions as ks and the teacher would accept the correct answer through applauding the. After the interactive session of the previous lesson the teacher then engaged the students to learn the new ideas in the lesson. The central focus of the lesson was on the two digit multiplication. The students were given the examples from the word equations and were expected to solve the two sums each at the individual level before they proceeded to the next session of group discussion. The two digit multiplication required previous skills on solving the place value units together with single multiplication. The place value of numbers for tens and ones were necessary for the students because they formed the foundation of the next lesson which based on the two digits multiplications. The knowledge of the previous lesson guided the teacher into the main objective of the lesson which was to use word equation to do multiplication of two digit multiplication. The teacher explained two examples using the word equations to solve two digit multiplications. The students at individual levels were given two sums to solve after which the teacher marked their exercise books. The students were given their feedback which they later shared amongst themselves. The teacher explained the vocabularies used such the double digit number to mean that a number that has two digits and the meaning of the place values of tens once and multiplication by. The students got familiar with the terms and were able to use them in the group discussions

A Modern Mythological Tale THE TASKS OF JAMIE Essay

A Modern Mythological Tale THE TASKS OF JAMIE - Essay Example One of Jamie's favorite things to do was to play baseball. He and his friend Dave often practiced hitting and pitching in Jamie's backyard. Jamie would take a turn hitting and then Dave would take a turn. The backyard looked out onto a neighbor's yard. The neighbor was named Mr. MacGregor. He was a reclusive gentleman, about 85 years of age. He rarely came out of his house, but when he did he usually looked quite angry. No one knew anything about MacGregor, no one knew what he did before he became such a recluse. One day Jamie and Dave were playing baseball in the backyard. Dave pitched a ball to Jamie, and Jamie connected with it, cracking it towards MacGregor's house. It was Jamie's favorite ball. It had been signed by Roberto Hernandez, his favorite major league player. Jamie watched as the ball sailed towards MacGregor's house and smashed through the old man's sun-room window. â€Å"Oh no!† thought Jamie. Jamie and Dave discussed the issue between the two of them. Jamie was frightened of MacGregor but he knew he would have to get the ball back somehow. While Dave hid behind a tree, Jamie went to MacGregor's front door and rang the bell. MacGregor opened the door. He was holding the prized ball in his hand. â€Å"What do you want, kid? Are you the one who broke my window?† â€Å"It wasn't me,† said Jamie, â€Å"it was my friend, Dave. All we want is the ball back, sir.†... I'll do anything.† â€Å"OK,† said Mr. MacGregor, â€Å"maybe we can work out an agreement. I have a number of things you can do to help me out. Otherwise, you're going to have to pay for the broken window and I think it will be around $500 at least.† Jamie looked back towards the tree where Dave had been hiding, but he couldn't see him anymore. He gulped. â€Å"Okay,† he said. â€Å"What do you have in mind?† MacGregor invited him into the house and closed the door behind him. He smiled cruelly at Jamie. â€Å"First of all, my cat Tabitha is missing in the basement. I need you to go find her. Be careful—she is very vicious.† Jamie went to the basement and climbed down the stairs. It was dark and gloomy. He could hear some mewing coming from a corner. There was Tabitha. She was an old, orange cat and looked mean. He tried to grab her with one hand, but she clawed at him and scratched his forearm. Jamie shrieked. He found an old blanket and threw it over the cat. He brought the bundle back up the stairs to MacGregor. â€Å"Not bad,† said the old man. â€Å"Now, please have a look at the bathroom in the basement. There is a huge spider there I need you to deal with.† Again Jamie went to the basement and looked around. He found the small bathroom in the corner. Inside the drain of the sink was the biggest insect he'd ever seen. It wasn't a spider; he realized as it seemed to have a dozen different heads and at least 40 legs. It must be some exotic creature from Africa, he thought. He turned on the faucet and the insect was washed away. â€Å"Next,† he thought to himself. He went up the stairs again and went to find Mr. MacGregor. â€Å"OK,† said the old man. â€Å"Next, you have to help me with something else.† He pointed to the

Human Resource Development Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Development Essay In both definitions we see that learning was in some form mentioned as being part of human resource development, and from further understanding of HRD we see that learning is important in all aspects of HRD efforts. According to the text Human Resource Management by Jon M. Werner and Randy L. DeSimone they defined learning a relatively permanent change in behavior, cognition, or affect that occurs as a result of one’s interaction with the environment. There are three basic principles of learning contiguity, the law of effect and practice. Practice is stated to be repeating the event with the hope that it will increase the strength of what is being taught. For example in any sporting area practice is needed to strengthen the players and so to in the business environment. In understanding how practice works in order to maximize learning we look at the primary area of the training design under the categories of conditions of practice and retention of what is learned. There are at least six issues that relate to practice and learning they are; active practice, massed versus spaced practice sessions, whole versus part learning, overlearning ,knowledge of result and task sequences. From the six issues the three that I would considers using are; Active practice proposes that the individual who is being taught should be given the opportunity to repeatedly perform the task or use the knowledge being learned. For example surgeons, rescue squad, pilots, just to name a few should be given avenues to practice hat they learned. Same goes for training the mechanics to install the automobile air-conditioners using the new installation procedures, if the mechanics are allowed to practice the theory that was taught it would leave room for better understanding of what is required of them and result in better outcomes on the jobs confirming , that the new procedures was learnt. Massed versus spaced practice involve whether the training should be conducted in one session or divided into segments separated by a period of time. Studies have shown that spaced practice sessions lead to better performance and longer retention but are more effect for difficult and complex tasks, however the task at hand isn’t difficult and can be taught in one session. Overlearning is practice beyond the point at which the material or task is mastered. This is another condition in which the trainers can implement when training the mechanics to install the air conditioners using the new procedures, giving the mechanics enough opportunities to keep practicing the task will soon become simple The goal goes beyond the trainee learning the task or material but also retaining it. There are three additional issues that influence retention; these are the meaningfulness of the material, the degree of original learning and interference. The more meaningful and factual the information is the easier it is learned and remembered and since the new procedure is important for the installation of the air conditioners the mechanics would seek more interest and retain the information effectively , as they would see it fit to keep their jobs and acquire more customers. Secondly for the mechanics to continually retain the information being learned there should be little or no interference or it should be taken into consideration when training. This meaning that sometimes the knowledge of the old procedure might affect the way the mechanics learn the new procedure also if new steps are added while installing the air conditioner in a different vehicle it can cause confusion in the learning process. The case of the new Employee Assistant Programme Act, since it is an act where information may be presented in a document and the managers can always refer to it when needed, I would suggest using the conditions of active practice. This being the Employees Assistance Programme Act would be something that they would have to implement everyday so it would certainly give the managers the opportunity to perform the task and use the knowledge being used. Also because there is no real step by step process of implementing the act then the conditions of a massed practice session can be put in place, for example a meeting can be held where all managers are taught and given an explanation of the act and why it is necessary, as well as the document of the act where they can refer to when needed. By giving an explanation and ensure the managers what is the purpose and the reason for the Employee Assistant Programme Act , it leaves room for better retention since they are aware of the meaningfulness of they are being taught. Also distinguishing the difference from similar acts can reduce the interference of confusion and misunderstands. In conclusion if the these conditions and retentions are used in the training design both the employees and the managers can experience maximum learning and show that in order to learn practice is required. Read more: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/human-resource-development-HRD. html#ixzz2MgJJc071

Patient Advisory Board Internship

Patient Advisory Board Internship Patient Advisory Board Internship at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital For this cooperative education project I have chosen to write about my internship at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital (ZSFGH). I was chosen for this internship from a pool of pre-medical student applicants based on my resume, letter of interest and in person interview. The work was advertised as needing someone to run the formal Patient Advisory Board Council (PAC). I wasnt aware until my interview with the Medical Director and Floor Manager that I would be doing much more than running a once a month meeting. I would also be in charge of recruiting new members to the PAC, seeking out presenters and providers wishing for patient input, enrolling patients in and training them to use the online SF Health Network Patient Portal, running the monthly Diabetes in Motion Clinic, and doing various other small duties around the hospital. I had to commit to being available 30 hours a week that were flexible but must include Fridays. I was excited to be chosen for this opportunity to ha ve great potential in improving patient health and satisfaction at ZSFGH, San Franciscos community safety net hospital; while also growing my own knowledge of what it takes to provide high quality health services to underserved populations. Before being allowed to start my volunteering duties there were many steps I needed to tackle to be eligible to work with patients, both for my own safety as well as theirs. I had to find time to go to the hospital to procure blood work and testing to be sure I didnt have Tuberculosis or a list of other communicable diseases. I was required to take just over 10 hours of training geared to helping familiarize myself with the layout of the hospital; in addition to how to safely interact on a daily basis with the unique population at ZSFGH. My learning objectives were to understand what I would need to do in my daily work to knowledgably comply within HIPAA rules and NIH safety protocols. Method For my content for this report I performed research on site at my Internship. ZSFGH has an extensive medical library that is free and open to the public. The librarians are well versed in what is available in the event that I had any questions arise during my time there. The Volunteer Services Office also stocks many resources that are available for learning about how best to care for patients wellbeing and properly protecting their personal information online and in daily hospital interactions. I utilized both of these resources in my off-volunteer hours either before or after doing internship qualifying hours. Discussion Literature Review Initial Onboarding In order to be able to be an official volunteer at ZSFGH, I had to complete their online Volunteer Orientation Course. This took about 2 hours and was helpful in walking me through the layout of the SF Health Network as well as the buildings where I would be working. Also outlined were the health requirements of all volunteers in the network requiring blood work and vaccinations. After completing those steps I was assigned a volunteer identification number to be able to log my Internship hours and a badge identifying me as a Volunteer that also shows which clinic I am a part of, my flu-shot status and lists the hospital wide emergency response codes for easy reference. In order to be useful in my positions I needed to learn about the San Francisco Health Network Primary Cares missions and vision for providing the highest quality primary and preventative care to adults, regardless of ability to pay. There are 4 main aims of the clinic that follow from building a foundation of healthy, engaged, and sustained primary care workforce. To ensure an excellent patient experience, optimize access, operations and cost-effectiveness, have sustainable patient centered care and finally, to improve the health of the patients served. The specific clinic I was hired to do my internship with was the Richard Fine Peoples Clinic General Medicine Clinic (RFPC-GMC). This is a clinic consisting of mostly low income, homeless and immigrant patients. The Volunteer Services Office at ZSFGH assisted my learning about patient information security by providing some short video training from the SF Department of Public Health. (Public Welfare, 2009) This helped me learn what information qualifies as needing to be private and secured; treated as sensitive and protected health information. There is an established national set of standards for identifying protected patient health information (PHI) such as a patients demographic data relating to past, present or future medical needs. (The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996) It is anything that can be used to identify patients such as their first or last name, medical record number, phone numbers, email addresses, date of birth, Social Security Number or a ddress. Rules for handling such information is that you must never store PHI on an unencrypted computer, a flash-drive or take home files with PHI. If necessary for an email this information must be encrypted and titled as Secure. Written information must be disposed of in the locked to be shredded bins when no longer needed. Information can be stored on the provided work computer server only accessible by UCSF ward computers. (Burnap, 2012) Unlike a Kaiser or Sutter insurance network hospital or clinic, the SF Health Network is part of the citys health system that provides a significant level of care to low-income, uninsured, and vulnerable patient populations. ZSFGH is a unique in that it is also a training hospital tied with UCSF. Patients benefit from cutting edge training for their Doctors and Residents as well as generous philanthropic funding that the University benefits from annually. A large part of ensuring patient self-empowerment lies in building their networks and increasing accessibility to services, which this funding can bring. (Corburn, 2007) Patient Advisory Council Prior to working within the SF Health Network I was not aware that there were 26 clinics across the city. This aids in vastly improving patients access to care in or near their own neighborhoods. Each clinic was challenged with starting their own PAC in 2016. There are now 21 PACs across the city for various different types of clinics and patient populations including 2 in Spanish and 1 in Mandarin languages. Prior to instating these PACs much of the average providers knowledge of patient satisfaction was just word of mouth. The main motivating force behind coordinating clinic PACs is aimed at inviting longtime and new patients to provide input for quality improvement projects from the ground floor. Assessing involvement at the direct patient level can lead to fast strides in community health improvement. (Dannenberg, 2008) I was responsible for the outcome of the Richard Fine Peoples Clinic PAC. I needed to work on recruiting new and diverse members to the team and learn how to lead a group of people that is outside of my everyday socio-economic peer group toward a common goal. I looked to resources for what has worked for other projects for medical recruiting methods prior to mine. (Dannenberg, 2006) I had to coordinate presenters and inquiring providers to ensure that the board provides helpful information to both patients at the clinic and those within the larger health care network. While the focus was on our individual clinic, there is also a hospital wide PAC that was able to push forward any ideas we might have that would benefit the entire hospital population at ZSFGH. In addition to organizing the agenda for the PAC meetings, my duties involved gathering information from patients and providers that generated from our meetings to then enter them into other systems and/or up-channeling ideas inv olving specific patient populations and their recommendations and desires. Some more recent accounts of improving health at one community level have shown to have a positive impact on the entire city. (Bhatie,Corburn, 2011) I kept meticulous records of all agendas and minutes of every meeting for all attendees records as well as past and future reference needs of progress. I was also assigned to help the RFPC Residents on their new project concerning the SF Health Networks Patient Portal. They tasked me with recruiting current patients to enroll in the waiting room. The Patient Portal is a tool for empowering patients to be proactive regarding their own health. Most of my patients are housing insecure so I had to seek out examples of positive outcomes of patients evolving from homeless to housed and how to be aid those in transition. (Kessell, 2006) A few strategies for recruiting new patient advisors, portal users and clinic class attendees were given to me by the previous Intern that I was replacing. I had to meet quota goals for portal enrollees, training and tracking; recruit new patient users in clinic for the online Patient Portal and do some data entry for tracking contacts, new enrollees and demographics. I had to figure out the best way to narrow down how best to contact clinic patients to arrange one on one training sessions for the online Pa tient Portal. I looked into ways in which your immediate surroundings can shape your ideas of your own perceived ability to achieve healthy outcomes as guiding the ways I would approach patients. (Cummins, 2005) To keep the PAC running, I needed to also book conference rooms for upcoming meetings and was able to book a nice meeting room through December 2017 for ease of transition for the next intern. I made reminder calls and sent out an agenda one week prior to meetings to those members with access to email. I collaborated with members to see what topics they are interested in learning more about for upcoming meetings as I was responsible for coordinating them with presenters. (Dearing, 1996) I surveyed members about what their favorite snack foods were so I could best provide for our meetings. I was allowed to spend $50 for each meeting so we had quite an assortment of foods, all within reason of course as we are promoting healthy lifestyles after all. I guided the meetings but also recorded notes for action items to follow up on as well as to write minutes for future reference as available to the public. Diabetes in Motion Clinic The SF Health Network also has a Community Wellness Program branch that allows for patient learning on a variety of fronts from smoking cessation lectures to Zumba classes and nature walks. The Wellness Programs are offered at several clinics across the city and aim to provide and promote innovative services to staff, patients, their families and all San Franciscans. They are designed to be accessible culturally and linguistically as well as to all physical ability and/or limitation levels. The classes that are part of the Working on Wellness (WOW) Healing Moves, Active Living Initiative are open to all and free of charge. Another important part of my duties was to also work on chronic disease group visits in the diabetes clinic. It was important to help try and understand the unique hurdles specific to this particular patient population. (Bhatia, Seto, 2011) The Diabetes in Motion (DIM) Class was an extra duty inherited by me as the previous Practice Manager moved to Hawaii and requested that the incoming PAC Coordinator (me) adopt the class. This 2 hour class was held once a month and tasked with helping those with Diabetes, the pre-Diabetic and their caregivers better understand how to help improve their conditions. I noticed immediately that there might be low attendance, only 5-10 attendees, due to a lack of a unified agenda across the year of these classes. I researched ideas of how living in an urban environment can impact health and wellness differently than a more rural setting for insight into health problems. (Bodea, 2009) I decided that we would try breaking the class into 2 portions, a movement portion (due to the title) and a healthy eating portion. There was no dedicated staff and, as we had plenty of funding left in the available grant I was able to hire 2 local instructors. I hired Sylvie Minot, leader of the Syzygy Dance Project as an Exercise Instructor and Catherine McConkie, Founder of The Caregivers Table as our Nutritionist. Ms. Minot was able to lead progressive movement exercises that were accessible to all levels of mobility incorporating yoga, stretching and dance movements. The importance of exercise is shown across the lifespan. (Bauman, 2007) During the exercising portion of the class she would lead a discussion about the importance of incorporating movement throughout daily life. (Saelens, 2003) Ms. McConkie would follow for the second half of class with easy and affordable food ideas that she made during the class so the attendees could participate. In addition to making healthy options accessible, she would also pass around ingredients that might be new or unusual for the patients and discuss why certain foods are good or bad to eat. Eat Better, Feel Better! Colorful Choices is a San Francisco Health Service System program aimed at adding more fruits and vegetables to daily routines. I was able to team up with them for our classes to provide free fruits and vegetables to attendees. (Drewnowski, 2004) A $25 Safeway gift card was given to the first 22 participants that stayed for the entire class. Participants were able to take home a bag of food to make the recipe presented in class, for any who could not afford them on their own. (Kim, 2006) I created and distributed English and Spanish language flyers throughout the hospital as well as purchased the patient incentives, organized an agenda with the instructors and ensured 2 interpreters (Spanish and Mandarin language) could attend. Following each class I gathered receipts from all 5 of us leading the course to submit to our grant overseer for documentation and reimbursement. Our attendance went from a low average to roughly 30 patients per class in just 3 months. Patient Portal In addition to putting together the DIM and PAC monthly meetings I was assigned to work with the RFPC Residents that were writing a research paper on empowering patients to improve their own care knowledge. The biggest aspect of this was increasing patient awareness, enrollment and use of the SF Health Networks Patient Portal. This online tool enables patients to see all of their most recent and up to date data from any meetings with providers as well as testing and results. Not only can this aid individual improvement through expanded knowledge of care but it also provides an easily accessible list to give to out-of-network providers. The system also newly rolled out the ability to email your assigned provider. The system self regulates to ease provider burden by immediately rerouting easily accomplished tasks such as appointment scheduling or refill requests before any emails actually go to the provider. Initially, I was tasked with 10 hours per week of recruiting new enrollments in the Patient Portal system by visiting with people in the waiting room. With an iPad in one hand and flyers in multiple languages in the other, I spoke with each patient on hand to see if they were aware of the program and would like to enroll if not already. I tracked demographics for the residents as well as number enrolled by me or already. I also had proxy forms available if someone wanted their child or spouse etcetera to have access to their information due to any learning disabilities or language differences as the system is only currently in English. I was able to use Google Translate as well as my flyers in 6 different languages to speak with everyone in the room one by one. After doing this for 2 months the residents decided I should transition to training users to increase the amount of actual users of the system once enrolled. I utilized the electronic Clinical Works application (eCW) to resear ch which patients were already enrolled in the Portal. I would then call patients with appointments on a particular day for the next week as determined by the Residents until I found about 10 people willing to meet with me before or after their appointments. Together, we would then walk through accessing the system and what benefits and uses it provides to the patient. I would send training videos to anyone I spoke with that wasnt interested in meeting in person that they could view on their own if they so wished and they had access to my UCSF email if they had any further questions arise. The largest barrier to increasing user numbers or active users for the Patient Portal ended up being access to electronics and language barriers. The specific patient population at RFPC has phones that may or may not be web-enabled and a lot of them do not have computers or are computer savvy. In meeting with patients I was able to teach them how to recover their login information and perform simple computer navigation. I provided introductions to the hospital library where free computers are available all day that I had never seen full. The system is eventually scheduled to be accessible in Spanish and Mandarin sometime next year. Extra Tasks There were some one time tasks on my plate as well. I needed to accomplish the yearly update of the Clinic Care Team Boards. All of the providers are divided into one of three color care teams to help ensure that, even if you cannot visit your assigned Doctor, you will see someone familiar with them and your file. The previous boards were on a small black and white listing with a few pictures. I used the Adobe program InDesign to organize everyone by provider type, team, procured color head shots of all providers and found a local print shop to print each team board on a 3 x 5 color poster. I also needed to keep the waiting room stocked of specific informational flyers and magazines every few days. Results Participants Adult patients I was able to add to the PAC were recruited through various methods. Informational flyers were posted in the waiting room and at the pre-appointment health screening station. Providers were encouraged to mention the Council to patients they felt were well informed and/or had the desire to work on quality improvement projects for the Clinic. Most respondents that became full time members of the Council were older adults, 45-72 year old, 4 women and 6 men. Participants were compensated $10 and offered free food (cheese, meat, crackers, fruit, veggies, cookies and water) for their 90 minute participation at each meeting. 3 of the members additionally qualified for free Muni transportation vouchers and 1 for free parking passes. All participants were asked to read the agenda sent to them one week prior to each meeting to prepare any questions or ideas they might have on each topic scheduled to be addressed. Accomplishments Weve been able to get funding to remodel the waiting room with more comfortable furniture, a new color of paint on one wall (blue instead of white) and wall hangers to provide information of free local services available throughout the month. Weve also spearheaded projects such as surveys to fill out prior to your appointment while you wait in the waiting room and converting the waiting room television from daytime drama shows to clinic specific informational ticker that rotates from a video documentary about the namesake of the clinic to various free or affordable services offered throughout the city for the current month. Starting in April, we will be part of the coordinated effort to have Food Pharmacies across the network. In partnership with the SF Marin Food Bank, patients will be able to get a bag of free and healthy food after their appointments. PAC members will be available once a week to assist. Another issue raised was of transit safety. One of our members was on disability due to having been run over by a vehicle while she was legally using a crosswalk. The incident left her unable to work for over a year while undergoing multiple surgeries and a lengthy recovery. We had several presenters come to a meeting to get insight from our patients in regard to possible pedestrian improvements. (Mejia, 2017) The PAC raised money to have a portrait painted of our Clinics namesake, Dr. Richard H. Fine that it is to be hung in the waiting room. We are waiting on the display box that is being made to keep it displayed securely. Dr. Fine founded the General Medicine Clinic at ZSFGH, one of the first outpatient clinics in the nation at a Public Hospital that provides health care to underserved populations. He ran it for 25 years. To recognize and thank Dr. Fine for his acute discernment of patient needs, the General Medicine Clinic (GMC) was renamed as the Richard H. Fine Peoples Clinic (RFPC) in August of 2015 three months before his death. There is a wonderful documentary about his life that I was able to show the PAC members at the end of one of our meetings. (Biker with a Moral Compas: Dr. Dick Fine and the Evolving Culture of SFGH http://mission-healthequity.blogspot.com/2015/07/moral-compass.html) I was able to establish more clear and concise PAC values and guidelines as none had been expressed in writing prior to my tenure as leader. We were to work in partnership and collaboration to address systemic issues versus individual situations. We would do so by working in partnership with the clinic management to support the clinic mission and vision. We would represent the diverse socioeconomic and cultural needs and perspectives of RFPCs patients. We would seek the input of other patients to broaden perspectives. We also established term limits to facilitate turn over and diverse patient representation. Our meetings would create and maintain a safe environment for all members and guests to share ideas and points of view. Respect would be given to the confidential nature of information received at the meetings and we would review and sign HIPAA confidentiality agreements and release forms annually as opposed to only upon initial recruitment. As the PAC coordinator I worked hand i n hand with the Clinic Champion, Mr. Michael McGuire who, as the Practice Manager of RFPC was the link between the PAC and clinic leadership. He was able to provide some assistance to help me coordinate with staff and providers to ensure successful collaboration on PAC initiatives help me ensure progress was being made on PAC projects. DIM The grant to fund the DIM Clinic was picked up for renewal for next year and the instructors I chose were invited to stay and wished to do so. The dramatic increase in attendee numbers rose from 5 or 10 to upwards of 30 under my tenure. We received a lot of positive feedback from patients with successful weight loss and blood sugar stabilization. Patient Portal Recruiting Training I was able to interact with 815 patients in the waiting room and successfully enrolled 230 new Portal users. For online, in person training I spoke with 87 patients over the phone and met one on one with 34 for individualized training. This data will be included in the Residents research paper as well as my experiences with what the patient population specific challenges were for our Clinic. Conclusion I was able to impart some positive change within the community of ZSFGH during my Internship. I also learned several important lessons such as how communication can be difficult at times but its helpful to try to display an open and approachable demeanor. Patients may be upset when they do not receive what they have requested from staff, but remaining clam and expressing compassion can help diffuse and redirect the situation. Because of Dr. Fines close connections to the community, he was able to hear about subsets of people who were not seeking health care and make visible what was invisible to many. I am happy to have been a part of so many diverse projects to assist disenfranchised and marginalized populations of San Francisco. Empowering patients to be proactive about their own care and the outcomes they wish to see has been my main take away from this internship. Helping patients to see ways to incrementally improve their own physical and mental health can not only save money in treatments not needed down the line but also be the first steps towards becoming more independent and being well enough to provide their own income and stable housing. While the community wellness programs in San Francisco promote interventions aimed at addressing lifestyle issues such as diet and smoking, they also recognize the ways in which social determinants of health such as housing status, neighborhood safety, and access to affordable healthy food play a critical role in wellness promotion and encouraging healthy lifestyle choices. With this in mind, I worked to incorporate strategies such as public health education and advocacy in addressing poor health outcomes during my Internship. References Bauman A, Bull F. Environmental Correlates of Physical Activity and Walking in Adults and Children: A Review of Reviews. London: National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence; 2007.Bhatia R, Corburn J. Lessons from San Francisco: Health impact assessments have advanced political conditions for improving population health. Health Affairs. 2011 Dec:30 (12):2410-18Bhatia R, Seto E. Quantitative estimation in Health Impact Assessment: Opportunities and Challenges. Environmental Impact Assessment Review. 2011. DOI:10.1016/j.eiar.2010.08.003Bodea TD, Garrow LA, Meyer MD, Ross CL. Policy and Practice: Socio-demographic and Build Environment Influences on the Odds of Being Overweight or Obese: The Atlanta Experience. Transportation Research Part A 2009:43(4):430-444.Burnap P, Spasic I, Gray WA, Hilton JC, Rana OF, Elwyn G. Protecting patient privacy in distributed collaborative healthcare environments by retaining access control of shared information. International Conferenc e on Collaboration Technologies and Systems. 2012:490-497 DOI: 10.1109/CTS.2012.6261095Corburn J, Bhatia R. Health Impact Assessment in San Francisco: Incorporating the Social Determinants of Health into Environmental Planning. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management. 2007 May:50(3):323-341Cummins S, Stafford M, MacIntyre S, Marmot M, Ellaway A. Neighborhood environment and its associations with self-rated health: evidence from Scotland and England. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 2005 59:207-213.Dannenberg A, Bhatia R, Cole B, et al. Use of Health Impact Assessment in the United States: 27 Case Studies, 1999-2007. Am J Prev Med. 2008 Mar:34(3):241-56Dannenberg AL, Bhatia R, Cole B, et al. Growing the Field of Health Impact Assessment in the United States: An Agenda for Research and Practice. Am J Public Health. 2006 Feb:96(2):262-70. Dearing JW, Rogers EM. Agenda-setting. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 1996:5-20 Drewnowski A, Darmon N, Briend A. Replacing fats and sweets with vegetables and fruits a question of cost. American Journal of Public Health. 2004 94(9):1555-1559.Kessell ER, Bhatia R, Bamberger JD, Kushel MB. Public Health Care Utilization in a Cohort of Homeless Adult Aplicants to a Supportive Housing Program. J Urban Health. 2006 Sep:83(5):860-73Kim D, Kawachi I. A multilevel analysis of key forms of community- and individual- level social capital as predictors of self-rated health in the United States. Journal of Urban Health 2006 83(5):813-826.The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA), Public Law 104-191 ÂÂ § 261-264Public Welfare, Department of Health and Human Services, 45 C.F.R. ÂÂ § 46 (2009). (C.F.R. is the Code of Federal Regulations) Mejia, P. Beyond the Traffic Report: The News About Road Safety and Vision Zero in San Francisco. Berkeley Media Studies Group. 2017 Jan:3-12Saelens BE, Sallis JF, Frank LD. Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: findings from the transportation, urban design, and planning literatures. Ann Behav Med. 2003;25(2):80-91.